Photosynthesis Explained Step-by-Step (GCSE Biology)

Diagram showing photosynthesis including light-dependent energy in leaf cells, chloroplast structure, and Calvin cycle reactions

What is photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a chemical process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using light energy from the Sun. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts found in plant cells.

The photosynthesis equation

Here is the chemical equation for photosynthesis:

Limiting factors

A limiting factor is a factor that affects the rate of photosynthesis of a plant.

Limiting factors in photosynthesis are:

  • light intensity
  • the concentration of carbon dioxide
  • the temperature of its surroundings.

Example GCSE exam question

Source:

4.1 Photosynthesis (F) QP.pdf

Source:

4.1 Photosynthesis (F) MS.pdf

Link to more papers using GCSE AQA Biology:

AQA GCSE Biology Topic 4: Bioenergetics Revision – PMT

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